Offset and Compensation Programs Worldwide
Madsen, Becca, Moore Brands, Kelly - Carroll, Nathaniel - April 2010
This report provides the status and trends of biodiversity offset and compensatory mitigation programs by geographical region. In each section, the report summarizes the total active programs and developing activities, and broad metrics like total known payments and land area protected or restored....
Compensatory measures for impacts on biodiversity
Delphine MORANDEAU - Jean PLATEAU - April 2010
Delphine Morandeau and Jean Plateau from the Ministère de l’Écologie, de l’Énergie, du Développement durable et de la Mer - En charge des Technologies vertes et des négociations sur le climat, presented to the working group on “Infrastructure and sustainable development” on April 15, 2010. The...
A study completed on behalf of the Business and Biodiversity Offsets Programme and the UNEP Finance Initiative by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
This study was jointly commissioned by the United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative (UNEP FI) and the Business and Biodiversity Offsets Programme (BBOP), to explore the following themes:
● Familiarity and awareness among the financial sector of the biodiversity mitigation...
MARIANNE DARBI - CHRISTIAN TAUSCH - March 2010
As a result of more than 30 years practice German IMR is a compensation approach which is outstanding due to its comprehensive character and the broad scientific base and discussion. One of the core issues of this discussion has - since the beginning - been the debate on appropriate balancing and...
Technical Report for European Commission DG Environment
eftec, IEEP et.al (2010) - February 2010
This research project examined the potential use of habitat banking in the EU as an
economic instrument for biodiversity protection. This report identifies a range of
information and experience with habitat banking from around the world, from
economic theory and provides an institutional...
Dependent Documents Associated with this Publication
Government of Australia - May 2009
An estimated 66% of Victoria’s native
vegetation has been cleared as a result
growth and economic development of
State. Of the remaining 34% it is estimated
that 7.4 million hectares are located
public land and approximately 1.1 million
hectares are found on private land....
European Union - May 2009
Assessment at national level of the relative importance of sites for each natural habitat type in Annex I and each species in Annex II (including priority naturalhabitat types and priority species)....
European Union - May 2009
The species listed in this Annex are indicated: by the name of species or subspecies, or by the body of species belonging to a higher taxon or to a designated part of that taxon....
European Union - May 2009
The species listed in this Annex are indicated: by the name of the species or subspecies, or by the body of species belonging to a higher taxon or to a designated part of that taxon....
The Energy and Biodiversity Institute - May 2009
Increasingly, areas of interest for oil and gas development are also being recognized and valued for their biodiversity resources. Biodiversity, the complex web of genes, species, ecosystems and ecological processes that sustain life on Earth, provides human society with food, medicines, natural...
Biodiversity and Water Markets
- Ecosystem Marketplace - April 2009
It is widely acknowledged that well-functioning ecosystems provide reliable and clean flows of water, productive soils, healthy and balanced biota, and many other services for human well-being. It is also widely documented that today many ecosystems and the services they provide are under...
Final Report to Defra
Treweek et al. 2009 - April 2009
In 2007, the UK’s Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) identified the need to explore new policy options, including market creation in biodiversity or incentives for biodiversity “such as biodiversity offsets”, particularly to reduce rates of loss of non-designated sites and...
International Approaches to Compensation for Impacts on Biological Diversity
- Leibniz Institute of Ecological and Regional Development and Berlin University of Technology - 2009
The starting point of this research project is the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Through the ratification of the CBD, member countries have made a commitment to support the conservation of biological diversity. In the sixth Environment Action Programme 2001 – 2010 (“Our Future, Our...
William Hill, David Hill - Latimer - 2009
Environmental advisors and planners are frequently confronted with the issue of ecological
mitigation for losses due to development, the uncertainty over whether the proposed
compensation is adequate and how the mitigation will function over time. The advantages of
acquiring and retaining land...
Annah L. Peterson , Chloe Hill, Louise A. Gallagher - 2009
Radically heightened extinction rates over the past 50 years have prompted the Convention on Biological Diversity to adopt the ‘2010 biodiversity target,’ which aims to significantly reduce global biodiversity loss by 2010. Despite the establishment of this ambitious goal, few policies have proven...
Andrew Bovarnick, Ajay Gupta - United Nations Development Programme - 2009
...
Andrew Dodd - MSc in Spatial Planning - 2009
The Natura 2000 network comprises protected areas designated under the EC Birds and
Habitats Directives. Articles 6(3) and 6(4) of the Habitats Directive establish a robust
system of protection for Natura 2000 sites, only allowing damage from plans or projects
in exceptional circumstances. Where...
- BBOP Secretariat - 2009
There is a tremendous opportunity today to secure biodiversity conservation and business benefits through the appropriate use of biodiversity offsets. Many companies are actively seeking partnerships with governments and conservation groups to address the environmental impacts of their activities...
C. Josh Donlan, Chris Wilcox - Biol Invasions - 2009
The removal of invasive mammals from
islands is one of society’s most powerful tools for
preventing extinctions and restoring ecosystems.
Given the demonstrable high conservation impact
and return on investment of eradications, new
networks are needed to fully leverage invasive
mammal...
Chris Wilcox, C. Josh Donlan - The Ecological Society of America - 2009
Globally, fisheries catch of non-target species has major environmental impacts, resulting in social conflict,
litigation, and fisheries closures. We use a bio-economic approach to demonstrate that compensatory
mitigation – an innovative, market-influenced approach to fishery–conservation...
Robin Naidoo, Andrew Balmford, Paul J. Ferraro, Stephen Polasky, Taylor H. Ricketts, Mathieu Rouget - Conservation Science Program,, Conservation Science Group, Department of Economics, Department of Applied Economics, Conservation Science Program, South African National Biodiversity Institute - 2009
Recent studies that incorporate the spatial distributions of biological benefits and economic costs in conservation planning have shown that limited budgets can achieve substantially larger biological gains than when planning ignores costs. Despite concern from donors about the effectiveness of...
Government of Australia - 2009
Biodiversity – the array of plants, animals and micro-organisms,
the genes they contain and the functions they perform – sustains
our ecosystems. The inter-dependence of all the components
of biodiversity provides balance and stability to our life support
systems....
Government of Australia - 2009
The case studies in this paper are provided in response to the invitation to Parties and
governments to submit information on the removal or mitigation of perverse
incentives, as requested in the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Decision
VII/18 of the Seventh Conference of the Parties:...
Government of Australia - 2009
The need for a consistent approach to native vegetation management and retention across the State and support for Local Government during
the introduction of the Framework, were issues
repeatedly highlighted by submissions to the draft
document. In recognition of this feedback and the
technical...
Government of Australia - 2009
The National Land and Water Resources Audit’s ‘Australian Native Vegetation Assessment
2001’ provides an analysis of clearing across Australia. Five of the 85 bioregions (areas
with similar characteristics of landscape and native plant and animal types) in Australia have less than 30% of pre-1750...
Government of Australia - 2009
While the Framework sets a new standard for future management, significant work has occurred over the last 10 years. Our farmers and land
managers have been at the forefront of Victoria’s native vegetation management efforts. Through the Landcare, Land for Wildlife, Bushcare
and salinity programs...
Tony van Merwyk, Simmon Daddo - 2009
Formal offsets policy in many jurisdictions now provides that the environment will gain (or
suffer no net loss) from a proposal even if the proposal will result in “acceptable” adverse
environment impacts. In order for a proposal that will have impacts (even after all usual
mitigatory measures...
European Union - 2009
Biological diversity, essential for the maintenance of life on Earth, is being lost on a global level at a rate higher than at any other time in the past, according to the UNEP’s Global Biodiversity Assessment. The same document states that in some EU Member States up to 24% of the species of...
Kristal Maze - 2009
We need to conserve a representative sample of all biodiversity pattern (representation), ecological processes (persistence), and critical natural capital values....
Ricardo Bayon - 2009
John Ryan, the President of Land and Water Resources Inc. in Chicago, Illinois, is the
perfect example of how environmental markets are transforming the way people do
business in the US. In Ryan's particular case, not only has his business been radically
transformed, but so has his life, his...
Government of the United States - 2009
A program of ecosystem assessment assisting in
the development of (i) baseline studies which determine the state of estuarine zones and the effects of natural and anthropogenic changes, and (ii) predictive models capable of translating information on specific discharges or general
pollutant...
Ricardo Bayon - 2009
Ever since the passage of the 1990 amendments to the US Clean Air act and the creation of a market
in sulfur dioxide (SO2), it has become clear that market mechanisms can be effectively used to
achieve environmental policies. But markets are neither infallible nor automatic. They have...
Kerry ten Kate - 2009
The Logical Framework is a management tool that aims to promote good project design and execution by clearly stating the key components, how the project is expected to work, and how success will be measured. It ensures that the whole project process is considered before the work begins thereby...
Luiz Gustavo Escorcio Bezerra - May 2007
Biodiversity is essential to maintaining the biosphere in a condition which supports human
and other lives. The 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development held in Johannesburg
recognised the urgency of action against biodiversity loss. Biodiversity offset is a mechanism
aiming to achieve no...
Robin Naidoo, Taylor H. Ricketts - November 2006
Resources for biodiversity conservation are severely limited, requiring strategic investment. Understanding both the economic benefits and costs of conserving ecosystems will help to allocate scarce dollars most efficiently. However,
although cost-benefit analyses are common in many areas of...
- Food and Agriculture Organization - 2006
A new report from FAO says livestock production is one of the major causes of the world's most pressing environmental problems, including global warming, land degradation, air and water pollution, and loss of biodiversity. Using a methodology that considers the entire commodity chain, it estimates...
Agun Agrawal, Kent Redford - 2006
Poverty alleviation and biodiversity conservation are basic social goals and part of the policy agenda of postcolonial states and international agencies. It is not surprising therefore that a large number of programmatic interventions have aimed to achieve the two goals at the same time. These...
Michael Painter, Kent Redford - WCS - 2006
The survival of both indigenous peoples and much of what remains of nature lies in the ability of both sides to find common ground. However, parks and protected areas have become the focus of conflict between conservationists and indigenous peoples. This antipathy is based on differing views about...
Biodiversity Neutral Initiative (BNI) - 2006
The objective of this case study is to demonstrate an evaluation method for voluntary
biodiversity offsets. We focus on the Antamina mine, operated by Compañía Minera
Antamina S.A. (ANTAMINA). The Antamina mine is among the world’s largest copper
and zinc mines, and is located in the Andean...
State of New South Wales, Department of Environment and Conservation - July 2005
Australia is facing unprecedented challenges in conserving its unique biological wealth. In NSW we have been on a path of continued biodiversity loss for many years. Around 80 species of native plants and animals have become extinct in this state over the past two centuries with 1000 more species...
Community Climate, Biodiversity Alliance - May 2005
...
International Council on Mining and Metals - May 2005
Industry faces challenges as a result of its social,
economic and environmental footprint. Since the mid 1990s, the mining industry has engaged in dialogue with environmental and social development organisations to determine how to address these challenges. Through this
dialogue biodiversity has...
International Council on Mining and Metals - May 2005
Debate over the importance of biodiversity is increasing due to greater awareness of the need to protect biodiversity, the increasing presence of larger mining operations in remote, undeveloped locations, and in particular, the significantly increasing demands and pressures on biodiversity through...
The Nature Conservancy - April 2005
Ecoregional status measures comprise a set of data about the viability, threat and conservation status of biodiversity within an ecoregion. Derived primarily from data generated by ecoregional assessments, these measures provide a snapshot of the status of biodiversity conservation, as well as a...
- CREM - March 2005
The discussion paper under review with respect to biodiversity offsets is one of the
documents constituting the output of the project ‘Business and Biodiversity in developing
countries higher on the agenda of Dutch companies quoted on the stock exchange:
identification of concepts and...
Bruce McKenney - March 2005
Environmental offsets seek to ensure that unavoidable adverse environmental impacts of
development are counterbalanced by environmental gains, with the overall aim of
achieving a net neutral or beneficial outcome. In line with sustainable development,
offsets represent one important tool for...
Government of Australia - 2005
The task of developing bioregional planning processes which will protect biodiversity is part of
Australia’s commitment towards a society based on principles of ecologically sustainable development
(ESD). There is a wide spectrum of views about how such a society might be established, and the...
Government of Australia - December 2004
It is pleasing to see that the Environmental Protection Authority is aiming to achieve more rigour in assessing the need for and the appropriateness of particular offset initiatives. Offsets have been an important aspect of environmental management and decision making in Western Australia for many...
Government of Australia - December 2004
This submission details Victoria’s approach to native vegetation and biodiversity
protection and management on private land. Its basic assumption is that the
best biodiversity outcomes will be achieved by using a range and mix of policy
tools and mechanisms in a co-ordinated way. Legislation...
Elizabeth Kennedy - December 2004
Historically the conservation community has not employed a systematic, consistent framework for measuring the status of conservation targets (species, sites, or landscapes/seascapes) (Balmford et al. 20031; Royal Society 20032). This has impeded our ability to conclusively and quantitatively...
Government of Australia - November 2004
...
State of New South Wales, Department of Environment and Conservation - November 2004
The conservation of threatened plants, animals and their habitats in New South Wales (NSW)
is integral to maintaining species diversity. As the diversity of species and their habitats may
be adversely affected by developments, it is important that informed decisions regarding the
impact of...
California Department of Fish and Game - November 2004
The Natural Community Conservation Planning (NCCP) program of the Department of Fish and Game is an unprecedented effort by the State of California, and numerous private and public partners, that takes a broad-based ecosystem approach to planning for the protection and perpetuation of biological...
In response to the request of the Conference of the Parties in paragraph 6 of its decision VII/30,
the Ad Hoc Technical Expert Group (AHTEG) on Indicators for Assessing Progress Towards the 2010 Biodiversity Target met in Montreal from 19 to 22 October 2004 to (i) review the use of the indicators...
Kerry ten Kate - November 2004
What are biodiversity offsets? “Conservation actions intended to compensate for the residual, unavoidable harm to biodiversity caused by development projects, so as to ensure no net loss of biodiversity. Before developers contemplate offsets, they should have first sought to avoid and minimize harm...
Kerry ten Kate, Josh Bishop, Ricardo Bayon - November 2004
Biodiversity1 offsets are conservation activities intended to compensate for the residual, unavoidable harm to biodiversity caused by development projects. Recent experience with
regulatory regimes, such as wetland and conservation banking in the USA, tradable forest
conservation obligations in...
Kerry ten Kate, Josh Bishop, Ricardo Bayon - November 2004
Biodiversity1 offsets are conservation2 activities intended to compensate for the residual,
unavoidable harm to biodiversity caused by development projects. Recent experience with
regulatory regimes, such as wetland and conservation banking in the USA, tradable forest
conservation obligations in...
Government of the United States - September 2004
We reviewed stream assessment and mitigation protocols collected from throughout the
United States in an effort to identify attributes most pertinent to the Clean Water Act
(CWA) Section 404 regulatory program. We also solicited input from practitioners utilizing stream assessment protocols...
Thomas Bohn, Per-Arne Amundsen - September 2004
Organisms are shaped contemporaneously by ecological processes and over long periods of time by evolution. These activities have lead to the diversification of life. But is the diversity of life all biodiversity is? We argue that biodiversity is the conclusion drawn both from the variety of life...
F&C Asset Management - September 2004
Over the past decade, global loss of biodiversity, and the consequent economic value of ‘ecosystem services’, has been rising up the public policy agenda. We have now reached a point at which increased scientific understanding of biodiversity loss, combined with greater analysis of its causes and...
Marybeth Bauer, Jessica Fox, Michael Bean - August 2004
For many years, fossil enthusiasts have searched for Miocene fossils on a secluded beach south of Chesapeake Beach, Maryland. About a decade ago, without warning or explanation, a formidable chain link fence appeared on the beach, anchored at one end to the nearly vertical cliffs behind
the beach,...
Government of the United States - August 2004
This document provides interagency guidance on the special emphasis given to protection of wetlands and other aquatic resources (hereafter collectively referred to as aquatic resources) for which compensatory mitigation through restoration or creation is not feasible or scientifically viable. ...
Government of the United States - August 2004
This document provides guidance on the use of preservation as compensatory mitigation
undertaken to meet permit requirements under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and/or
Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899. The permit program requires appropriate and
practicable compensatory...
Government of the United States - August 2004
This document provides guidance on the use of vegetated buffers as a component of
compensatory mitigation plans undertaken to meet permit requirements under Section 404 of the
Clean Water Act and/or Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899. The permit program
requires appropriate and...
Government of Australia - July 2004
In recent decades, there have been several attempts at developing and using
environmental offsets as an environmental management tool in Western Australia (WA).
For example, in the 1980s and 1990s government agencies attempted to counter adverse
environmental impacts to Swan Coastal Plain...
The Conservation Measures Partnership - June 2004
In order to achieve our goals, the conservation community must determine the extent to
which our actions are working – and we must be able to diagnose why some actions
succeed while others do not. In recent years, there has been great convergence among
conservation organizations in thinking...
European Union - May 2004
This Directive relates to the conservation of all species of naturally occurring birds in the wild state in the European territory of the Member States to which the Treaty applies. It covers the protection, management and control of these species and lays down rules for their exploitation....
European Union - May 2004
Whereas it is recognized that the adoption of measures intended to promote the conservation of priority natural habitats and priority species of Community interest is a common responsibility of all Member States; whereas this may, however, impose an excessive financial burden on certain Member...
European Union - May 2004
Guidance on the interpretation of habitat types is given in the "Interpretation Manual of European
Union Habitats" as approved by the committee set up under Article 20 ("Habitats Committee") and
published by the European Commission....
European Union - May 2004
Most species listed in this Annex are also listed in Annex IV. Where a species appears in this Annex but does not appear in either Annex IV or Annex V, the species name is followed by the symbol (o); where a species which appears in this Annex also appears in Annex V but does not appear in Annex...
Environmental Law Institute - April 2004
Attention to the federal compensatory mitigation
program has been growing over the years and
became heightened after the release of a National
Academy of Sciences 2001 report evaluating the success of compensatory mitigation to achieve no net loss of function of the nation’s wetland resources....
Government of the United States - April 2004
The Army Corps of Engineers (Corps), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) are issuing final policy
guidance regarding the use of in-lieu-fee
arrangements for the purpose of providing compensation for adverse impacts to...
Government of the United States - April 2004
This document provides interagency guidance on the use of off-site and out-of-kind
compensatory mitigation undertaken to meet permit requirements under Section 404 of the Clean
Water Act (CWA). The permit program relies on compensatory mitigation to offset unavoidable
impacts to aquatic systems...
Goldman Sachs - February 2004
We have created the Goldman Sachs Energy Environmental and Social (GSEES) Index by scoring companies relative to each other on metrics within the above categories. There are 30 criteria, of which 28 are objective. We have not attempted to score the industry against other industries. We find...
Government of Australia - January 2004
The objects of this Act are: to provide for the protection of the environment, especially
those aspects of the environment that are matters of national environmental significance; and to promote ecologically sustainable development through the conservation and ecologically sustainable use of...
Government of Australia - January 2004
Recovery plans for listed threatened species and ecological communities and threat abatement plans for key threatening processes bind the Commonwealth and Commonwealth agencies.
The Minister must ensure that a recovery plan is in force for each listed threatened species and ecological community....
Government of Australia - January 2004
For paragraph (g) of the definition of nuclear action in
subsection 22 (1) of the Act, a nuclear action includes
establishing, significantly modifying, decommissioning or
rehabilitating a facility where radioactive materials at or above
the activity level mentioned in regulation 2.02 are, were,...
Sarah Fish, David Snashall, James Steater - 2004
Increasing pressures on land, the environment and society from economic development have
often resulted in conflicting and competing demands that are not always sustainable. Rio
Tinto Coal Australia (RTCA) faced such a challenge to its proposed new open cut extension
at the Warkworth Coal Mine...
Government of Australia - 2004
This Regulation is the Native Vegetation Regulation 2004. In this Regulation: development consent means development consent required by the Act for the cleaning of native vegetation....
Government of Australia - 2004
In December 2003 the Government undertook a major overhaul of natural resource management institutions in NSW by passing the Natural Resources Commission Act, 2003 Catchment Management Authorities Act 2003 and the Native Vegetation Act 2003. These new reforms were built on the Wentworth Groups...
Government of Australia - 2004
The proposed Regulation is titled the Native Vegetation Regulation 2004 (NVR 2004) under the Native Vegetation Act 2003 (NV Act). The Minister for Natural Resources is the proponent and the Minister responsible for making the Regulation....
Kristal Maze, Susie Brownlie, Amanda Driver - 2004
This paper focuses on biodiversity conservation planning and how it provides a useful tool for land-use planning and impact assessment in the mining sector in South Africa. The mining sector is a major landowner and land user in South Africa,
and has considerable obligations in terms of our policy...
Annelisa Grigg, Kerry ten Kate - 2004
Insight Investment is the asset manager of the Halifax Bank of Scotland (HBOS plc), with
£71.8 billion of assets under management, as at 31 March 2004. 11.7% of Insight’s
investments in equities and substantial bonds holdings are in oil & gas, mining & minerals
and utilities companies.1 Insight...
Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity - 2004
The Akwé: Kon Voluntary Guidelines for the Conduct of Cultural, Environmental and Social Impact Assessments Regarding Developments
Proposed to Take Place on, or which are Likely to Impact on, Sacred Sites and on Lands and Waters Traditionally Occupied or Used by Indigenous and Local Communities...
Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity - 2004
The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the changing status of the world’s biological diversity. The first sections below
provide general information on the nature and scope of biological diversity, and broad trends at genetic and species level. Subsequent sections outline the...
Government of Australia - December 2003
An Act relating to the sustainable management and conservation of native
vegetation; to repeal the Native Vegetation Conservation Act 1997; and for other
purposes. [Assented to 11 December 2003]...
Government of Australia - November 2003
An Act to provide incentives and assistance to landowners in relation to the preservation and enhancement of native vegetation; to control the clearance of native vegetation; and for other purposes. This Act is published under the Legislation Revision and Publication Act 2002 and incorporates all...
United States Army Corps of Engineers - November 2003
This document is intended as a technical guide for Clean Water Act (CWA) Section 404 permit
applicants preparing compensatory mitigation plans. Compensatory mitigation is required to offset impacts that cannot be avoided and minimized to the extent practicable. The purpose of this document is to...
Kerry ten Kate - November 2003
Business case for voluntary, ‘beyond compliance’ measures: license to operate, reputation, competitive advantage, reduce liabilities Is this sufficient to encourage voluntary offset commitments?...
Government of Australia - October 2003
The Upper South East is now poised to benefi t from a very signifi cant investment from the National Action Plan for Salinity and Water Quality (NAP). More than $38 million from the Australian and State Governments, along with landholder contributions will have a huge impact on salinity and fl ood...
Adam Davis - October 2003
Ecosystem Services theory, in practice: Supply and demand = financial value; However: ‘demand’ by private parties for ‘public goods’ is mediated primarily by law (to a lesser extent by strategy and ethics); Therefore: Financial value depends on policy and enforcement....
United States Army Corps of Engineers - October 2003
In its comprehensive report entitled “Compensating for Wetland Losses Under the Clean Water Act,” the National Research Council (NRC) provided ten guidelines to aid in planning and implementing successful mitigation projects (“Operational Guidelines for Creating or Restoring Wetlands that are...
Kerry ten Kate - September 2003
Human activities are making an increasing impact on the integrity of ecosystems that provide
essential resources and services for human well-being and economic activities. In particular,
biodiversity2 is being lost at an unprecedented rate,3 while global population and consumption are
growing4....
Ian Oliver, David Parkes - August 2003
This document is a prototype guide that can be used to assess the biodiversity benefits (and
disbenefits) likely to result from a change in land use. This ‘toolkit’ aims to strike a balance between a meaningful, defensible and practical approach, and builds upon the Habitat Hectares...
Robert Stavins - August 2003
Ever since the passage of the 1990 amendments to the US Clean Air act and the creation of a market in sulfur dioxide (SO2), it has become clear that market mechanisms can be effectively used to achieve environmental policies. But markets are neither infallible nor automatic. They have blind spots...
Government of the United States - July 2003
...
The World COnservation Union, International Council on Mining and Metals - July 2003
Economic development, social equity and environmental protection are the essential elements
of sustainable development. The nexus between economic development and the conservation of natural resources has been, in particular, a subject of recurrent debate....
Fish and Wildlife Service - May 2003
This memorandum is intended to be applied to conservation bank proposals submitted for approval on or after the date of this guidance and to those in early stages of planning or development. It is not intended for the guidance to be retroactive for banks that have already received agency approval....
David Parkes, Graeme Newell, David Cheal - February 2003
Assessments of the ‘quality’, condition or status of stands of native vegetation or habitat are now commonplace and are often an essential component of ecological studies and planning processes. Even when soundly based upon ecological principles, these assessments are usually highly subjective and...
Gary Stoneham, Vivek Chaudhri, Arthur Ha, Loris Strappazzon - 2003
A century ago in Australia food and fibre were scarce relative to the supply of habitat. Today the opposite could be argued. Governments now face the problem of encouraging landholders to provide public goods, such as habitat conservation, in the face of an economic environment that facilitates the...
Amanda Driver, Richard Cowling, Kristal Maze - 2003
The long-term survival and well-being of people depends on effective conservation of the world’s biodiversity. This requires living landscapes: landscapes that are able to support life of all
forms now and into the future. Pressures on biodiversity show no sign of abating, yet resources for...
The Energy and Biodiversity Institute - 2003
...
International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association - 2003
Liverpool Bay lies in the eastern Irish sea against the coasts of North Wales and North-West England, a heavily industrialized coastline. Exploration activities carried out by BHP Billiton Petroleum during 1990 were the first to locate significant supplies of commercial oil and gas;...
International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association - 2003
In the valley floor of Kern County, California, a major habitat conservation plan has been under way for 10 years to safeguard the remaining areas of natural habitat and a number of endangered plant and animal species.
ChevronTexaco represents the Western States Petroleum Association on the...
International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association - 2003
Protecting people and the environment is at the cornerstone of ChevronTexaco’s corporate policy. Chevron Niugini has made this commitment integral to the design and operation of the
company’s Kutubu Petroleum Development Project in Papua New Guinea. This case study describes Chevron Niugini’s...
Tony Baird - 2003
Native vegetation offsets for vegetation loss is a relatively new policy area, although wider environmental offsets, including wetland banking, greenhouse gas and others have been used for the last thirty to forty years. This study sought to investigate how native vegetation offsets can contribute...
Government of Australia - December 2002
An Act to provide for a scheme to protect and improve the environment and agricultural production in the Upper South East through the proper conservation and management of water and the initiation or implementation by the Government of the State of works and environmental management programs and...
Government of the United States - December 2002
The Bush Administration affirms its commitment to the goal of no net loss of the Nation=s wetlands. The Administration is hopeful of achieving that goal and in the near future to begin increasing the overall functions and values of our wetlands through the combined efforts of the numerous...
Government of Australia - November 2002
The NSW Wetlands Management Policy is a whole-of-government
policy released in 1996 to encourage the community and government to
work in partnership towards the ecologically sustainable conservation,
management and use of wetlands in New South Wales....
Government of Australia - September 2002
The Native Vegetation Act, 1991 (the Act) was proclaimed on 18 April 1991. The Act replaced the Native Vegetation Management Act, 1985, and controls the clearance of native vegetation as well as having a number of initiatives to assist the conservation, management and research of native vegetation...
Government of Brazil - August 2002
Art. 2o O ato de criação de uma unidade de conservação deve indicar: a denominação, a categoria de manejo, os objetivos, os limites, a área da unidade e o órgão responsável por sua administração; a população tradicional beneficiária, no caso das Reservas Extrativistas e das Reservas de...
California Department of Fish and Game - August 2002
The site must provide for the long term conservation of habitat and species. The bank is established pursuant to a legally enforceable Implementing Agreement (signed by all agencies involved). The site must be large enough to be ecologically self sustaining and/or part of a larger conservation...
Government of Brazil - July 2002
Esta lei institui o Sistema Estadual de Unidades de Conservação no Estado de Goiás e estabelece critérios e normas para a criação, implantação e gestão das unidades de conservação,
além de dispor sobre incentivos e penalidades....
Government of Australia - April 2002
Sustainable development takes a long-term view, and looks to the future effects of
what we do today. It gives priority to building a healthy nation and world to pass on
to future generations. However, population growth and changing lifestyles pose new challenges demanding fresh resolve and...
Government of Australia - February 2002
An Act relating to the conservation and sustainable management of native vegetation and the clearing of land; to amend the Soil Conservation Act 1938 and certain other Acts; to repeal State Environmental Planning Policy No 46--Protection and Management of Native Vegetation ; and for related...
Tom Tietenberg - 2002
The atmosphere is but one of many commons and
climate change is but one example of over-exploitation of the commons. An approach employed increasingly for coping with the problem of rationing access to the commons involves the use of tradable permits. Applications of this approach have spread to...
European Union - November 2001
This document has been produced to provide nonmandatory methodological help to carry out or
review the assessments required under Article 6(3)
and (4) of the habitats directive (1) (referred to here as the Article 6 assessments). These assessments are required where a project or plan may give...
Fish and Wildlife Service - September 2001
The California red-legged frog is the largest native frog in the western United States. It is
endemic to California and Baja California, Mexico. It is typically found from sea level to
elevations of approximately 1,500 meters (5,000 feet). The California red-legged frog ranges in
length from 1.5...
Government of Australia - July 2001
This discussion paper examines whether, and how,
the negative impacts of clearing native vegetation might be offset by separate actions that have positive impacts. Offset actions could include improving the management of existing native vegetation, restoring or regenerating an area of degraded...
Government of Australia - 2001
Biodiversity describes the organisms in the
natural environment, which provide the
ecosystem services that form our natural capital:
fresh water, clean air, soil fertility and biological
pest control. Biodiversity is fundamental to the
future sustainability of the world’s natural
resources. A...
European Union - 2001
Short contributions from the participants illustrated that Member States have made very different
progress in the identification and selection process of marine sites for NATURA 2000. The
meeting had to recognize that overall the implementation is making very slow progress. On one hand only very...
Mark Sheahan - 2001
Conservation banking and mitigation banking programs in the USA provide useful examples of
the development of market-based systems for habitat, native vegetation, and biodiversity. The US
schemes, despite being operated in a range of jurisdictions, share a number of common
components – this...
Robert Gibson - September 2000
None of the usual options – the market, conventional regulatory authority and customary
propriety – can meet the challenge of moving toward sustainability in a dynamic, globalizing
political economy. At least they cannot do so as usually applied and haphazardly associated.
Efforts to build a...
Government of Brazil - July 2000
...
Government of Australia - June 2000
The purpose of this Act is to establish a legal and administrative structure to enable and promote the conservation of Victoria's native flora and fauna and to provide for a choice of procedures which can be used for the conservation, management or control of flora and fauna and the management of...
Government of Australia - June 2000
It is the policy of the NSW Government to: encourage the management of the wetlands of the State so as to halt and where possible, reverse: loss of wetland vegetation; declining water quality; declining natural productivity; loss of biological diversity; and declining natural flood mitigation....
John Rolfe - June 2000
Concerns about environmental impacts have
become widespread over the past four decades.
In most of regional Australia, these concerns have
focused on the activities of the agricultural and mining industries, as these are often the only economic activities in many regions.
...
Legal Issues and Tools
Patsy Davis - Forest Trends - April 2000
Increasing awareness of the need for action on global warming has produced a search for ways to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and to sequester carbon to offset such emissions. At the present time, nations around the globe are hotly debating whether to put into force the Kyoto Protocol. To...
State of Florida - Office of Program Policy Analysis , Government Accountability - March 2000
Wetlands provide vital functions to the natural environment, including groundwater recharge, stormwater attenuation, and wildlife habitat. The
efforts of the state regulatory agencies, the Department of Environmental Protection (department hereafter) and the water management districts (districts...
Environmental Defense - January 2000
The following report takes a close look at how to buy the other half of Leopold’s metaphorical
umbrella. It examines how farmers, forest landowners, ranchers, and other landowners can
help rare species while owning and using their land for economic gain. Specifically, it looks at
three public...
European Union - 2000
The first chapter of Directive 92/43/EEC, comprising Articles 1 and 2, is entitled ‘Definitions’. This chapter sets out the aim of the directive which is to ‘contribute towards ensuring biodiversity through the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora in the European territory...
European Union - 2000
This document aims to clarify the role of forests and
forestry in the Natura 2000 ecological network, in
order to facilitate the uptake of Natura 2000 among
forestry operators....
Patsy Davis - 2000
Increasing awareness of the need for action on global warming has produced a search for ways to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and to sequester carbon to offset such emissions. At the present time nations around the globe are hotly
debating whether to put into force the Kyoto Protocol, a...
Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity - 2000
In a world of increasing globalization and environmental degradation, management of its
most precious living resource, biological diversity, is one of the most important and critical
challenges facing humankind today. Biological diversity is the resource upon which families, communities, nations...
Emerging Markets for Storing Carbon in Forests
Michael Totten - World Resources Institute, Forest Trends - January 1999
Forests offer one of the most cost-effective opportunities for storing or sequestering carbon. This report is directly relevant to companies in any industry - not just forest products. Indeed, there are clear co-benefits to be gained from companies interested in carbon offsets, and forestland...
Tim Croft, Tatia Zubrinich, Ann Shaw Rungie, Alison Oppermann, Georgina House - 1999
The conservation of our natural biodiversity is essential for the functioning of natural systems. Aside from the intrinsic importance of conserving the diversity of species many of South Australia's economic activities are based on the sustainable use, conservation and management of...
Government of Australia - 1999
Biodiversity has many values. At the most
fundamental level, biodiversity is the basis for
healthy, functioning ecosystems that are
necessary to maintain essential ecosystem
services. These include: soil formation, nutrient
storage and cycling, plant pollination and
pollution breakdown and...
World Wildlife Fund - 1999
By adopting the Habitats Directive in 1992,
the governments of the European Community committed themselves to the creation of the Natura
2000 ecological network, with the aim of conserving an extensive range of European habitat types and wildlife species. In doing so, they set in motion...
European Union - 1998
The Institute for European Environmental Policy
(IEEP), London, is an independent institute concerned
with advancing environmental policies in
Europe. This seminar has been organised on the
initiative of the Institute, in response to a perceived
shortcoming in the application of the...
Government of Australia - January 1997
In 1995 the Biodiversity Group of Environment Australia (formerly the Australian Nature
Conservation Agency), as the designated administrative authority for implementation in
Australia of the Ramsar Convention, began the process of preparing this Policy. The
Agency was responding to...
Government of the United States - April 1996
It is the purpose of this title: to authorize the use of binding production flexibility contracts between the United States and agricultural producers to support farming certainty and flexibility while ensuring continued compliance with farm conservation and wetland protection requirements;
to...
Government of the United States - November 1995
he Army Corps of Engineers (Corps), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) are issuing final policy guidance regarding the establishment, use and operation of mitigation...
Douglas Wheeler, James Strock - April 1995
A conservation bank is a single parcel, or a series of contiguous or non-contiguous parcels, of habitat which is managed for its natural resource values. The resource benefits derived from this management regime are sold as "credits" to project proponents who seek mitigation opportunities to...
Toyon Environmental Consultans, Inc. - 1995
This report has been prepared as a reference for a variety of audiences, but the primary target is someone who is considering establishing a conservation bank. The text is addressed to that person -- when we say "you", we mean the person seriously interested in setting up a conservation bank....
Timothy Swanson - 1995
This study explains why the theory of transferable development rights, runs into difficulty because of the lack of legal bases and institutions for the transfer. The problem, in brief is that while ownership rights at a domestic level can be "un-bundled" though legal agreements such as leases or...
Government of Australia - 1991
An Act to provide incentives and assistance to landowners in relation to the preservation and enhancement of native vegetation; to control the clearance of native vegetation; and for other purposes....
